Daffodils by William Wordsworth

The poem was written in the year 1802. It was first published in Poems in Two Volumes, in 1807. The very starting line of the poem “I wandered lonely as a cloud” informs the poets profound sentiments of being left alone. It was actually the death of his brother John that led him to “loneliness”. We should remind the readers that this poem was not a result of imagination. Dorothy, Wordsworth’s sister provides us an explanation of the occasion which inspired Wordsworth to produce this masterpiece:–
“When we were in the woods beyond Gowbarrow park, we saw a few daffodils close to waterside.” Thus the poem is a result of actual visualization rather than imagery”.

In the beginning lines, Wordsworth describes himself as a ‘cloud’ that floats over the hills. This presents an idea of seclusion. The idea of being alone is contradicted by the phrase “crowd”. This is actually the ‘setting of the poem‘. As human form Wordsworth prefers seclusion but the ‘crowd’ of daffodils bewilders his senses. The feeling of ecstasy suddenly makes a dive.

Once the poet was wandering pointlessly beside a lake, he was all alone to wander freely akin to a patch of clouds floating in the sky, over the valleys and the hill. Suddenly he could view the large number of daffodils gathered by the side of the lake. They were sheltered under a growing tree. The Daffodils resembles the color of gold(1) (according to the poet)and the airy breeze made them wave and dance, rejoice and play. The poet however could not estimate their number as they spread along extensive sides of the lake.

Daffodils is a commonly grown flower.The line: ‘A host, of golden daffodils;’ needs a special mention since it unveils the poet’s thoughts. Wordsworth associated the colour of richness: Gold; to his common flower.

They resemble akin to innumerable shining stars that one could see in the night sky in the form of Milky Way. As the poet made an instant glance, he could see myriad of daffodils waving their heads, as if they were rejoicing and dancing out of alacrity. Seeing this, the waves of the lake accompanied dancing along with these daffodils, but their lustrous dance was in no way comparable to the delight and gaiety of the flowers the poets seems to have frenzied with; an ecstasy of delight.

He realized that a poet who was susceptible to natural grace could not help but feel happy in the presence of such gay and beautiful flowers. He gazed at them, hardly knowing what enormous treasure he was accumulating in his mind.

That vista was impregnated in the poet’s mind for an everlasting time. In future, when the poet lied down on his couch, either in a lonely or a pensive mood, the entire panorama that he saw in the woods beyond the Gowbarrow Park appeared before his mind’s eye. In solitude, when his mind is unrestrained by disturbing elements of the real world, he revives the memories of the daffodils. When the memory of that sight comes into view of the poet, he was able to derive ecstatic pleasure which he had enjoyed actually.

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Iss se pehle ke dair ho jaye,

Dua maango, sawair ho jaye,

Karo emaan iss tarah taaza,

Hatam har heir-pheir ho jaye,

Apne rab se woh roshni maango,

Jiss se andhair zair ho jaye,

Karo murdaa zameer ko zinda,

Bhairr andar ki shair ho jaye,

Ho sawa-sair bhi agar dushman,

Tum ko dekhe to sair ho jaye,

Chaand utrey har aik aangan main,

Kehkashaan har munddair ho jaye,

Haq mile sab ko yoon ke phir saanjhi,

Sab ki haandi, changair ho jaye,

Aik bhai ki bhook mittne tak,

Duusra kaise sair ho jaye,

Ho har aik aasteen main aik suuraj,

Kyun kahin phir andhair ho jaye,

Maar do mil ke saarey gadhon ko,

Tung un ka na ghair ho jaye,

Iss se pehle ke dair ho jaye,

Dua maango sawair ho jaye..

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"The Listeners" by Walter de la Mare

"Is there anybody there?' said the Traveler,

Knocking on the moonlit door;
And his horse in the silence champed the grasses
Of the forest's ferny floor:
And a bird flew up out of the turret,
Above the Traveler's head
And he smote upon the door again a second time;
'Is there anybody there?' he said.
But no one descended to the Traveler;
No head from the leaf-fringed sill
Leaned over and looked into his Grey eyes,
Where he stood perplexed and still.
But only a host of phantom listeners
That dwelt in the lone house then
Stood listening in the quiet of the moonlight
To that voice from the world of men:
Stood thronging the faint moonbeams on the dark stair,
That goes down to the empty hall,
Hearkening in an air stirred and shaken
By the lonely Traveler's call.
And he felt in his heart their strangeness,
Their stillness answering his cry,
While his horse moved, cropping the dark turf,
'Neath the starred and leafy sky;
For he suddenly smote on the door, even
Louder, and lifted his head:-
'Tell them I came, and no one answered,
That I kept my word,' he said.
Never the least stir made the listeners,
Though every word he spake
Fell echoing through the shadowiness of the still house
From the one man left awake:
Ay, they heard his foot upon the stirrup,
And the sound of iron on stone,
And how the silence surged softly backward,
When the plunging hoofs were gone.
Fell echoing through the shadowiness of the still house
From the one man left awake:
Ay, they heard his foot upon the stirrup,
And the sound of iron on stone,
And how the silence surged softly backward,
When the plunging hoofs were gone...

The poem opens with the scene being set. A mysterious man is knocking on the door only dimly lit by the moon. His horse is silently feeding on the grasses and ferns that cloak the forest floor. A bird flies out of a turret bound toward the moonlit sky. The Traveller, he is called, knocked on the dark door again but nobody came to him, nor did anybody peer out of the overgrown window to see who was calling upon them. The Traveller, grey eyed, is standing perfectly still and baffled.

A number of phantoms lurk inside the dark, old, rotting mansion, listening to his every move. The house is crumbling, the light of the moon showing down upon the stairs. The ghosts have appeared to have been awakened. Somehow the Traveller feels their presence in his heart. The phantoms answered his call with the silence. Then the Traveller knocked a third time, louder, and states that he had come, and that he had kept his promise. His voice echoed in the empty house, and the ghost’s herd him depart. The silence slowly crept back and the Traveller was gone.

            The use of diction and imagery in the poem is not only profound but masterful. This is shown in phrases like “the forest ferny floor”, “phantom listeners”, and “the silence surges softly backward” give the poem an ominous and ere feel that adds to the mystery. This ominous feeling of supernatural suspense is what draws the reader in and makes them search for meaning, a purpose, an understanding. It is difficult to see why the author would write such an odd poem if it didn’t have a meaning. 

At first glance, the purpose may seem non-existent. Maybe Walter de la Mare intended for this poem to have no meaning at all. Maybe he wanted people to fill in the blanks; maybe he wanted them to take something from it as unique as the poem itself. Perhaps this is a method used by the author to make the reader think more, even if subconsciously, about the poem. The purpose may also be simply to give people something to read that is interesting to both the author and the reader. People write sometimes to educate and sometimes to get a point across, but most importantly because they are passionate and it is what they love. La mare was known to write dark and mysterious pieces, and maybe this was something that he wrote for pleasure and other people happened to enjoyed it too.

There are many different possibilities of what happened to the Listeners. One theory of how the people of the house died is that they were killed by the bubonic plague. This was chosen because the Traveller was riding a horse, implying that the poem was set in older times. Also all of the people of the house were killed, supporting the theory. Another possible theory is that perhaps the ghosts where not ghosts at all. Maybe the Traveler was the ghost, maybe the phantoms where people still alive and the Traveller was the ghost lost in limbo between life and death…coming back to the house over and over every night for a reason that we may never know.

ODE TO THE WEST WIND

 It is one of Shelley’s greatest poems. It has been called a “matchless ode” But it is not easy to understand. The main difficulty in understanding it arises from the abundance of similes and metaphors which follow one another with an astonishing quickness. In the course of the poem, Shelley passes from a magnificent realization of nature’s storm and peace to equally great self description. Finally he mingles nature and himself together in order to sing of the Golden Age of mankind. 

Stanza 1 The opening stanza describes the activities of the West Wind on land. The west wind drives the dead leave before it just a magician drives a ghost by his approach. The poet addresses the west wind as wild spirit moving everywhere and as a destroyer and a preserver. 
                    Wild spirit, which art moving every where 
                         Destroyer and preserver; hear oh hear 

Stanza 2. It describes the activities of west wind in the air. The poet calls upon the west wind to listen to him. The clouds floating on the surface of the west wind are messengers of rain and lightning. The stanza is an example of of the abstract imagery which characterizes much of  Shelley,s poetry.It is remarkable also for its similes and metaphors. 

Stanza 3.It describes the effect of the west wind on water. The stanza is remarkable for its vivid imagery and for the manner in which two oceans___the Mediterranean and Atlantic___ are personified. In note, Shelley pointed it out that the vegetation at bottom of the sea, of rivers, and of lakes, sympathies with that of the land in the change of the season, and is consequently influenced by the winds which announce that change. 

Stanza 4.The here establishes a link between his own personality and the personality of the west wind. He recalls his boyhood when he was swift, energetic and uncontrollable as the west west wind. The poet says that in his boyhood he could excel the speed of the west wind and cloud accompany it on its wandering over the sky. 
                            Oh ,lift me as wave, leaf ,a cloud 
                          I fall upon the thorns of life I bleed 
                 A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed 
                 Once too like thee: tameless and swift and proud. 

Stanza 5.The final stanza includes the whole universe in its sweep. The poet appeals to the west wind to treat him as lyre and to blow on him as it blows in the forest, like the forest, he too is passing through the autumn of his life. The west wind blowing on him and on the forest will produce a sad but sweet music. He would like the west wind to broadcast over the whole world his prophecy about the coming of the golden age. If winter comes can spring be far behind? In this stanza we find a clear expression of Shelley’s idealism ,his believe in the perfectibility of human nature, and hid believe in the Golden Age of mankind. 

MODERN NOVEL

Novel is the most important and popular literary medium in the modern times. It is the only literary form which meets the needs of the modern world. The modern period in England is obviously not such a period when society is functioning on the basis of certain fundamental values. 

This is the age of interrogation and disintegration. Old values have been discarded and they have not been replaced by the new values. In England of today, the society is no longer homogeneous; it is divided in different groups who speaks different languages. 

The western man is swayed by conflicting intentions. It is difficult for him to choose between communism and capitalism, between belief in God and skepticism, confidence in science and fear in atom bomb because every belief is riddled with doubts. 

Science which is playing a predominant role today and which insists on the analytical approach has also helped the novel to gain more popularity because the method of the novel is also analytical. 

Modern novel is realistic as opposed to idealistic. He is realistic in the wider sense and tries to include within the limits of the novel almost everything and not merely one side view of it. Tolstoy’s WAR AND PEACE and George Eliot’s MIDDLE MARCH had proved that the texture of the novel can be as supple and various as life itself. In the second place modern novel is psychological. 

The psychological problem concerns the nature of consciousness and its relation to time. Modern psychological has made it difficult for the novelist to think of consciousness------- moving in a straight chronological line from point to the next. He tends rather to see it as altogether fluid existing simultaneously at several levels. To the modern novelists and readers who look at consciousness in this way, the presentation of a story in a straight chronological line becomes unsatisfactory and unreal. People are what they are because of what they have been. 

We are memories, and to describe as truthfully at any given moment means to say everything about our past. This method to describe this consciousness in operation is called the “stream of consciousness” method.

Since the stream of consciousness novelist like Virginia Woolf, believe that the individual reaction to any given situation is determined by the sum of his past experience. It follows that everyone is in some sense a prisoner of his own individuality. It therefore means that reality itself is a means of personal impression rather than public systematization and thus real communication between individual is impossible. 

In such a world of loneliness, there is no scope for love because each personality, being determined by past history, is unique. This idea is further strengthened on account of disintegration of modern society in which there is no common basis of values. That is why modern novelist regards love as a form of selfishness or at least as something much more complicated and problematical than simple affection between two persons.  

D.H. Lawrence believes that true love begins with the lover’s recognition of each other’s true separateness. Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway rejected Peter Walsh, the man she really loved, because of the fear that his possessive love would destroy her own personality.

Stream of consciousness novelist is dissatisfied with the traditional methods. He has realized that it is impossible to give a psychologically accurate account of what a man is at any given moment, either by static description of his character or by describing chronological reactions. He is interested in those aspects of consciousness which are essentially dynamic rather than static in nature. For him, the present moment is sufficiently specious. It not merely gives him the reaction of the person to a particular experience at the moment, but also his previous as well as his future reactions. 

His technique, therefore, is a means to escape from the tyranny of the time dimension. The stream of consciousness technique not only helps to reveal the character completely, historically as well as psychologically, it also presents development in character which is in itself very difficult. It is a method by which a character can be presented outside time and place.

John Keats as a poet of Odes

The first and foremost quality of his odes is their unity of impression. The major odes of Keats “Ode to Nightingale”, Ode on Grecian Urn, and Ode on Melancholy have a common subject and time. In Ode to Nightingale” Keats wants imaginative participation in the untroubled natural life of the bird. 

He wants to make happiness last forever .The poem ends with Keats finding no solution to his conflict. But he knows that art offer a type of permanence..In the seventh stanza of “Ode to Nightingale “the Nightingale becomes a symbol of art. Transitory human happiness is given permanence in a different sense by being embodied in art.

Ode on Grecian Urn, takes up the thought of the seventh stanza of Ode to Nightingale. Mortal beauty is passing away but not those of art. Ode on Grecian Urn is much more objective and descriptive than Ode to Nightingale. The Grecian Urn is taken as a type of ending beauty much discussed. Beauty is truth; truth beauty is all that Keats wants us to know on earth. 

The truth is great and shall prevail. By truth Keats means that which has lasting values. Keats is saying that beauty is truer than love, pleasure and other forms of values because they pass away while beauty can be embodied in a lasting form. In Ode to Melancholy. Keats recognizes that sadness is inevitable after movements of intense sensuous happiness. He says:

She dwells with beauty

Beauty that must die

Melancholy springs from the transience of joy. Ode to Autumn is the most perfect in form and detail of all the Keats Odes. Here Keats returns to ordinary human experience. The season of ripeness and fulfillment is seen as through it quite final. Keats asserts that autumn has its own beauty and joy. It would be idle to try to turn the odes into great philosophical poems. They came to conclusion and make no synthesis yet they are not merely decorated and descriptive poems as part of them appear to be.

The deep conflict from which they spring is both emotional and intellectual. They are in fact supreme examples of “Negative capability” when a man is capable of being in uncertainties without any irritable reaching after fact and reason. The Odes are not speculative.

What is Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Understanding the basic of SEO is more important than to learn On-Page and Off-Page directly.

You have to understand the followings:

1. How Google crawls the web (it works like an antivirus software to scan (crawl) the web)

2. How Google index the page (does it index in a millisecond, second, minute or hours? Find out why some websites take longer to index)

3. How Rankbrain and Humming Bird algorithms change the way you do On-Page SEO.

4. What was the major thing that Google made a huge success even there were many search engines before Google like Altavista, Lycos, and Yahoo.

5. Why it took 19 years to make such GOOGLE that you see now having one simple logo and a search box.

6. What are the 200 factors for ranking a site [Google hasn't released the factors officially, but Backlinko founder has done a great job for finding. They are not 100% accurate, but will give you better ideas.]

7. Why a searcher use Google, which websites does he like. Have you ever used Google? Go to myactivity.google.com, click SEARCH, and check how you used Google, and write down why you liked the site on a notebook.

8. Read this officially Google updated guide of SEO https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/7451184?hl=en

9. Read about all major algorithms of Google. Understand the psychology what was the reason for releasing each update. For example, Panda was released to write for the users, not search engine. Keyword Stuffing was for the search engine to rank higher, but bad for users. Samjhy?

10. Understand the On-Page tactics in 2000, 2010, and 2018. [As per my view, it will make your concepts crystal clear. I have seen in Bloggers Funda, many people do On-Page that was common in 2010.]

11. Understand the backlink strategy in 2000, 2010, and 2018.

12. Read about Google Sandbox

13. Read this guide (every interlink too) in a week or month https://ahrefs.com/blog/learn-seo/

14. How technical SEO can affect your site's SEO.

15. Why UX and UI are more important in 2018.

16. Why you need to study about your users' behaviour via Google Analytics, Google Console and Facebook Pixel Analytics. And how you can use this data to grow your blog.