Sunday, July 29, 2018

Interview with Kelly Ford About Her Chapbook The Witness

[trigger warning: child abuse]






The Witness
Author: Kelly Fordon
PublisherKattywompus Press

Publication date: 2016











The Witness #2

The Witness is just like you and me.
Most days he doesn�t feel like saying
anything antagonistic. Most days
he�s happy with toast and tea, a little
bit of television, a stroll, but every
now and then The Witness is struck
down mid-jaunt. Every now and then,
The Witness tumbles down the stairs.
The water in the shower comes out
scalding hot. The Witness�s hair
falls out in clumps. The Witness
can�t remember his name, he can�t
even get out of bed. Shake it
off? There is nothing he would like
more. If you run into The Witness
at a dinner party, he will not bring
it up. He�ll listen to your suburban saga
politely. He�s been known to suck
down a shot of vodka, a snort or two.
In other words, he could be you.
If you had witnessed it. If you
were on your merry way one day
when you were very small and everyone
around you was very very tall.
The Witness can not talk about this
like a normal person, which is why
they sometimes lock him up,
they keep him under observation.
Like a faucet that�s lost a clot,
he can�t seem to make the images stop.

originally appeared in Mudlark

*   *   *   *   *

Prior to writing fiction and poetry, Kelly Fordon worked at the NPR member station in Detroit and for National Geographic magazine. Her fiction, poetry and book reviews have appeared in The Boston Review, The Florida Review, Flashquake, The Kenyon Review (KRO), The Montreal Review, Rattle, Red Wheelbarrow, The Windsor Review and various other journals. She is the author of three poetry chapbooks, On The Street Where We Live, which won the 2011 Standing Rock Chapbook Contest, Tell Me When it Starts to Hurt, which was published by Kattywompus Press in May 2013 and The Witness, released by Kattywompus Press in January 2016. Her short story collection, Garden for the Blind, was published by Wayne State University Press in April 2015 and has been chosen as a Michigan Notable Book. She works for the Inside Out Literary Arts in Detroit as a writer-in-residence.

Author website: http://www.kellyfordon.com/

Author Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/kellyfordonAuthor/

LinkedIn profile: https://www.linkedin.com/in/kelly-fordon-aa095a10

Twitter: https://twitter.com/kfor24

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kfor2260/

*   *   *   *   *
[This interview was first published on Nancy Chen Long's blog.]

Interview conducted by Nancy Chen Long. 

Please tell us a little bit about The Witness.

KF: This book was written in response to my personal experiences as well as the 10,000 pages of testimony provided by survivor�s of sexual abuse at the SNAP  network (http://www.snapnetwork.org/) , as well as the Center for Constitutional Rights (http://www.ccrjustice.org/category/project/snap).



As the title suggests, these poems, written in response to the testimony of those abused by Catholic priests, bear a lyrical witness. Please tell us a bit about your process of creating poetry out of another person�s story or testimony. In her essay �Reading the Living Archives: The Witness of Literary Art� (Poetry, May 2011), Carolyn Forch� wrote �In the poetry of witness, the poem makes present to us the experience of the other, the poem is the experience, rather than a symbolic representation.� Is that the case for you?

KF: Generally speaking I would think twice about co-opting another person�s experience, even if I felt I was doing it with the best intentions. In this case, I am very close to the material because I was raised in the Catholic Church and I was an altar girl. However, this chapbook is not about �me� in particular or my personal experiences, and I don�t want my personal experiences to cloud anyone�s reading of this work. Anyone who wants to read about the genesis for these poems should refer to the snapnetwork.org website and the Center for Constitutional Rights website.



You also mentioned that a good number of the poems are written in the voice of a �witness,� and it got me to thinking about persona poems. In a March 2015 Girls Write Now post �Challenges & Rewards In Persona Poetry: A Mentee-Mentor Perspective,� Cindy Chu, in an interview with Katie Zanecchia, writes: 
At its core, persona poetry forces poets to better identify themselves in order to take on another�s perspective. After all, how do you become someone else without defining who you are, in addition to who they are? While poets construct poems from the view of their chosen characters, the resulting poetry is their own. Whether through use of vocabulary, syntax, or punctuation, poets shape others� voices into wholly unique works of art. Therefore, persona poetry says as much about the poet as it does her subject. The way that personas are presented on paper provides great insight into poets� sense of self. 
 Did you find the above true for you? Please tell us a bit about voice and persona in your poems.

KF: I wrote an earlier chapbook called On the Street Where We Live which includes persona poems in the voices of imagined women on �my� street. They were not, in reality, the women I knew, but an amalgamation of all of our experiences�divorce, abuse, loss, career aspirations, motherhood, etc. In those poems I had the sense that I was writing someone else�s story and trying to ascertain what it felt like to be going through the experience of domestic abuse or estrangement etc.

In this new chapbook, I was overtaken by the witness; I felt completely merged with the witness, and the voice materialized out of that rage. I hired Laura Van Prooyan as a manuscript consultant (she is excellent by the way!) and she said �Did you mean to mention the white robes and the penitent�s belt so many times?�

I did.

If I had been writing the poems with my poet hat on I would have looked for different images, but it is true to this witness that the white robe and the penitent�s belt come up over and over again. The witness is obsessed and the repetition is organic to the voice.



What difficulties or challenges did you encounter in writing some of the poems? Have you given a public reading of the work? What was the audience response? Did you encounter anything you were not expecting?

KF: I have not had a problem publishing the poems. Both William Slaughter at Mudlark and Sammy Greenspan at Kattywompus Press have been very supportive. I have only read the poems once at a conference in Windsor. Several people who were affected by the scandal came up to me afterwards, including Mary Ann Mulhern, a former nun and poet, who published When Angels Weep, a poetry collection about the Father Charles Sylvester sexual-abuse case in Canada.

That being said, I feel tentative about presenting this work in public and if/when I do readings, I always begin with a content warning in order to allow people to leave the room if they need to�it can be very hard to hear. It�s also difficult to broach this material with my Catholic friends and family some of whom may see these poems as an attack on the church. There�s nothing I can do about that, unfortunately.



What is one of your favorite poems in the book, or one that is important to you? Why is it a favorite (or important)? How did it come to be?

KF: I like "The Victim�s Testimony." It�s one of the more graphic poems, but it illustrates how I feel about the whole debacle�angry, frustrated, violated, and dismissed. The image of the filing cabinet door closing on all of the 10,000 pages of victim testimony (some estimates are now at over 100,000 victims worldwide) felt like an apt metaphor.

The Victim�s Testimony

I�m stuck in this file cabinet.
Who wants to finger me?

My words are onion paper thin.
Easily crumpled, easily tossed.

In French class I say,
�S'il vous pla�t ne faites pas �a.�

Shower me with holy water
and I scream like Asmodeus.

The first robe is always white
but the outer one changes

like his performance. It was purple
that day to remind us of our sins.

As if I could forget.
As if God could. The light

above my box is always red,
which means stop, a word

I use more than any other.

(published in The New Poet and Mudlark)



Please discuss the choice for a chapbook. For example, why did you choose the chapbook as the vehicle for your poems rather than a book-length manuscript or a section in a book? When you started, did you intend to create a chapbook? How long did it take to write this chapbook (or, alternatively, how did you know it was time to stop writing)?

KF: I wrote these poems in a very short period of time when I was immersed in reading the SNAP testimony. When I was finished, I had around twenty poems. I have published with Kattywompus before and so I naturally sent the work to Sammy. She said yes right away and I was happy they found a home and an advocate. I am still working on the full-length collection, but I have had to take some breaks along the way because the material is hard to face day in and day out. There have been periods when I can�t do it and then I come back to it a month or two later.



What else would you like readers to know about you or your chapbook?

KF: I would like the survivors who have given testimony to know that they have made a real difference in people�s lives. I for one, will keep advocating. The film Spotlight highlights how many people were complicit in the cover-up�no one wanted to challenge the Catholic Church, even though there were children�s lives at stake. How scary is that? Hopefully now people realize silence is reprehensible.



What are you working on now?

KF: I�m working on a full-length poetry collection and a novel.



Nancy Chen Long is a National Endowment of the Arts creative-writing fellow and author of Light Into Bodies (Tampa University Press, 2017), which won the Tampa Review Prize for Poetry. You'll find her recent and forthcoming work in Third Coast, The Adroit Journal, Third Coast, The Southern Review, Valparaiso Poetry Review, Ninth Letter, Alaska Quarterly Review, Pleiades, and elsewhere. She  works at Indiana University in the Research Technologies division.

Thursday, July 19, 2018

The Renaissance Period
















What is Renaissance?

Renaissance means rebirth. It was the period of rebirth in every field of life. It has changed all the old traditions and Infuses a new life to old values. 

Where this movement begins?
It began in Italy in 1350 and then spread all over Europe. 

In which culture they were interested in?
They were interested in Greek and Roman traditions values and culture they also believed in
Humanism.

Who were University wits?
  • Robert Greene
  • Thomas Lodge
  • Thomas Nashe 
  • Thomas Kyd
  • Christopher Marlowe
  • George Peele  
Who was the famous writer of the Elizabethan era?
Shakespeare is regarded as the most prominent writer of this period. He is popular because of his plays and poetry. His characters are universal and express the true feelings of human nature.

Name the Shakespeare's Comedy plays?
  • The Tempest
  • The two gentlemen of Verona
  • Measure for Measure
  • The Comedy of Errors
  • A Midsummer Night's Dream
  • The Merchant of Venice
  • As You like it
  • Twelfth Night
  • The winter's tale.

Name some of Shakespeare's historical plays?
  • King John
  • Richard II 
  • Richard III
  • Henry IV
  • Henry v
  • Henry vi
  • Henry VIII 
What do you know about his tragic plays?


  • Romeo and Juliet
  • Julius Caesar
  • Macbeth
  • Hamlet
  • King Lear
  • Othello
  • Antony and Cleopatra
  • Cymbeline. 
  •  
Who was Francisco Petrarch?
He was born in Italy.He contributed to The Renaissance movement and put the new life
to the Renaissance by giving it the concept of Humanism. He was also called the father of
Humanism and he is considered the inventor of the Italian Sonnet.

Books: Secretum, Triumphs. 

What do you know about Dante/Durante Degli Alighieri?
he was born in Florence, Italy. he was the major Italian poet. he had written in common language
so that ordinary people could understand his works.

Books:Divine Comedy,La Vita Nuova 

Define Vernacular literature?
It was flourished in the Renaissance period. It was adopted to reach the common people. It was the
kind of literature that was meant for common people. 

What are the characteristics of Humanism?
  • They believed in human beings. 
  • The individual should come and play his role in the society.
  • They emphasized education.
  • They encouraged human abilities. 

Who was the famous painter in this period?
Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci, and both were born in Italy.

Michel Famous Paintings: David,Pieta 

Da Vinci Famous paintings  :Mona Lisa,Lust Supper

Who invented the first real Press?
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany. 

Who was the Martin Luther King?
He was born in Eislenben, Germany. He was a very famous Theologian. He went against
Catholic teachings and started a Protestant movement. 

Who is called the Father of Renaissance?
Francisco Petrarch. 

What are the major themes of Renaissance drama?
  • Individualism
  • Secularism
  • Humanism



Friday, July 13, 2018

Middle Ages short Questions


What kind of poems was famous during the Middle Ages? • Religious lyrics
• Popular ballads
• Narrative poems
• Secular poems
• Courtly love

What is mystery plays?
The Situations and different circumstances of these plays were taken from the Bible. the actors of this play were monks and priests. it had five scenes or acts.
Define Miracle plays or Saint's Plays? These were the plays which had shown the life and actions of saints.

What is Morality play?
These plays had taught the morality to people and some specific lessons for a better life.

Who were the important figures of Middle age?
• Geoffrey Chaucer(The Canterbury Tales)
• William Langland (Piers Plowman, Prince Prigio)
• John Gower(Confessio Amantis,)
• Pearl Poet (Pearl, Cleanness)

Who was the grandfather of Drama and Novel?
There was no drama and novel in this age, but historians believed that Chaucer'a Prologue to the Canterbury Tales and his Troilus and Criseyde has the elements of English Novel and drama.
Was reading a book in the middle ages important? No, most of English poets narrates the story in front of the people as there was no tradition of reading.
What was the dominating institution in the middle period? Feudalism and religion.
Who introduced the printing press in the Middle Ages? William Caxton 1476.


Who was the king William? He was known as William the Conqueror. He fought against the Saxons and exiled them from England and killed their king named, Harold.
What do you understand by Norman conquest? It was the end of Anglo Saxons. They had been defeated in the battle of Hastings.It was the great war fought between Harold and Willaim the Norman.

When French became the dominant language in England?
when William conquered the Crown of England,the traditions and values of France came with him. so that was the time when it becomes dominant.

Who launched the Feudal system in England in 1066? William the Conqueror launched the feudal system, in this way the property of people belongs to the Crown.

Which War fought in the middle age? Hundred years war, it was the war between two kingdoms, France and England.in this war, 3.5 million people had been killed.

What was the reason behind 100 years war? Edward III wants to rule on France. the reason behind was the death of Charles IV who died without an heir. Edward III believe that he had the right to be the king of France but Philip VI of France didn't accept the foreigner king.

Who won the hundred year war? France .

What impacts had Black death created in the middle ages? it was the great pestilence in the Middle English period. it had killed 25 million people in Europe. It had created a great impact on the people who were disbelievers. but after this pestilence, people were gathered to accept every institution which was meant to preach the message of God.

Saturday, July 7, 2018

Old English period ShortQuestions

What is an old English period? 
Old English period indicates the traditions, language, and literature written or spoken in
England in the time of Anglo Saxons.

Who is regarded as the first poet in the old English Period? 
Caedmon.

What do you know about old English themes of poetry? 
Old English poetry was written when there were battles, conflicts, and struggles. it has common themes of morality bravery and religious values, supernaturalism, bloodshed were important
themes.

What are the names of poets of this age? 
Caedmon
Cynewulf
Bede
Alfred the Great.  

Name some of the great poems of old English period? 
Beowulf
The wanderer
The Seafarer.

What were the important dialects of this age? 
Kentish
Mercian
Northumbrian
West Saxon.

Who were Germanic tribes? 
Angles
Jutes
Saxons.

What were the two old English poetry styles? 
The heroic Germanic and the Christian style were two important poetry styles. 

How an old English poetry has survived? 
It had survived in different manuscripts. Some of them are below,
1.Caedmon manuscript or also called Junius Manuscript
2.Vercelli book
3.Exeter Book
4. Nowell Codex or it is also called The Beowulf Manuscript

Who was prominent Prose writer in old English Literature? 
Alfred the king, he has translated various books from Latin into old English. Gregory the Great’s and The Pastoral Care were his important translated books.

Who was King Alfred? 
He was the king of Wessex. He was called Alfred the Great. he became the great king of
England. He had defeated Vikings.

Who was Edward the Confessor? 
In 1042 Edward become the king of England. He was very religious that is why he was called
Edward the Confessor.

Why Battle of Hasting take place? 
The only reason behind this battle was the death of King Edward and he had to leave the
Throne without an heir.

Who won the Battle of Hasting? 
Battle of Hasting won by William the Conqueror, also called the Duke of Normandy. It was fought
between Harold the Anglo-Saxon English king And William.

When did Vikings attack Britain? 
787AD.

Thursday, July 5, 2018

Philip Sydney 'An Apology for Poetry'

What are the changes made by Stephen Gosson against poetry? • Poetry is a misuse of time.
• Poetry has all the Lies in fact it is the mother of lies.
• Plato did the right thing to banished all the Poets from his ideal world. Poetry is the way of treat badly

What was the answer of Sydney on this statement'' Poetry is a misuse of time''?
Poetry is the way of gaining knowledge. it gives awareness.it teaches awareness and it is the only way to education.
What was Sydney explanation on this statement 'Poetry has all the Lies'? He says poets do not lie because they never declare that their fiction is true and says poetic truths are always universal.
How Sydney explain this 'poetry is the way of treat badly '? He says poetry is not the way of treat badly but it is the people who abuse poetry and treat badly

How Sidney defends Plato statement about banishing the poets from the Republic? He defends by saying that "Plato banishes0 the abuse of poetry not the poets in his Republic. Plato had also wanted to banish those poets who were not able to instruct the children.
What is the purpose of Art according to Sidney? According to him, the purpose of art should be teaching and it should give pleasure to his readers.
Why Sydney favors poetic justice? He favors poetic justice because in this type of justice good people are rewarded and bad People are punished.
When was an apology for poetry written? An apology for Poetry was written in the Elizabethan era in 1585. it is considered the first critical text in the English literary criticism.
Why Sydney wrote an apology for poetry? He wrote this to answer Stephen Gosson allegations against poetry. He defended the sacred values of poetry.
What word used for the 'poet' in Greek? The word poet came from the Greek word 'Poiein' which mean 'to make' therefore a poet is a maker.
What according to Sidney Vates stands for? It came from the Romans and it means a diviner or a Prophet.
Describe the kinds of poetry according to Sidney? • Religious Poetry
• Philosophical Poetry
• Imitative poetry
What according to Sidney poetry is? According to him, poetry is a book of life, a speaking picture of society. it teaches ethics, manners, respect, and love for the natural world.
What are the views of Sydney about philosophy? Sydney says against philosophy, that it is for well-educated people .it is not easy for a common man to understand poetry. Poetry teaches the same ideas of philosophy which are in simple language and for a common man.
What Sydney says about History? He says history is bond for the past events.it is not imaginative. while poetry is an open book. it has Universal appeal.

Monday, July 2, 2018

Aristotle Poetics


What is function of plot in tragedy?
Plot indicates an imitation of actions of life.

Ho do you say that poetry is higher than history?
As poetry expressed the universal, not the particular fact as history, poetry can be more philosophical and higher.
What are two natural causes of actions?
character and thought.
How did Aristotle divide six elements of tragedy in three parts?
According to Aristotle Spectacle is the manner, and Plot, character, thought are the objects,Language, and melody are the media.
which type of plot did Aristotle refer to as bad and why?
Simple plot consists of episodic form, is the worst because it does not have inevitable sequence.
Which emotions should the audiences feel through characters in well-organized tragedy?
Pity, fear, and sympathy.
What are the 6 elements of tragedy?
Plot , character, thought, diction, music, spectacle.
Which element of tragedy is most important?
Plot.
What is Catharsis?
Catharsis is the purification and purgation of emotions.
What is reversal in tragedy?
Reversal”the turning point in a drama after which the plot moves steadily to its denouement.
What is recognition in tragedy?
A anagnorisis or recognition " it is a change from ignorance to knowledge"
What was aristotles most beloved tragedy?
Oedipus the king.
In what three ways does Aristotle differentiate various art forms from one another?
By the medium, objects, and manner of imitation.
Aristotle explains that the medium specific to poetry is one that uses what?
Language alone.
How does Aristotle differentiate poetry from prose?
Poetry uses rhythm in the form of meter.

The object poetry portrays is what, according to Aristotle?
Men in action.
What is the feature of language in tragedy?
in tragedy Has rhythm and melody, not narrating the situation too much.
Which is required quality of characters in tragedy?
Characters do not experience situations by extreme personality, neither being pre-eminent in virtue and justice, nor falling into misfortune through vice or depravity.
What does Aristotle consider art to be?
Aristotle considers art to be an imitation of life.
What is poetic unity?
All plot events of a poem connect and revolve around a central idea.
What are Aristotle's traits of a tragic hero?
Here we have basic characteristics of a tragic hero, as explained by Aristotle:
Hamartia :a tragic flaw that causes the downfall of a hero. Hubris :it means disrespect for the natural order of things. Peripeteia :It means ,The reversal of fate that the hero experiences.
How does Aristotle define a tragic hero?
Aristotle says that a hero of a tragedy must evoke in the audience a sense of pity or fear.He should be from noble family.
How many types of poetry according to poetic?
There were three: tragedy, epic, and comedy.

Define Manner of Poetic imitation?
According to Aristotle Poetry is the medium of imitation,it means a form of art that represent life.Poetry imitates by representing character, emotion, action.
What is Aristotelian criticism?
A critical theory, doctrine, or approach based upon the method used by Aristotle in the Poetics, implying a formal, logical approach to literary analysis that is centered on the work itself.
Define Literary criticism?
The art or practice of judging and commenting on the qualities and character of literary works.
Define the term 'mock epic.
Mock-epic ,it is also known as a mock-heroic poetry it presents satire, which means that it uses irony, exaggeration.
What difference does Aristotle find between historyand poetry?
Basically Aristotle felt there was more philosophical substance to poetry than in history. He felt that man could express and learn from poetry in a way that he cannot from history. Poetry reaches the higher senses of mans' capabilities. Poetry infuses the abstract and the essence of enlightenment: history merely conveys information.
What is the climax of a drama?
It is a Greek word which means ladder turning point of a drama .
What is the importance of plot in tragedy?
Aristotle argues that, among the six formative elements, the plot is the most important element. He writes in The Poetics. By plot Aristotle means the arrangement of incidents. By Incidents it means an action.

Sunday, July 1, 2018

Bikta he gham husn k bazar me

Bikta hai gam husn ke bazar mein,
Lakho dard chupe hote hai ek chote se inkar mein,

Wo kya smjhenge pyar ki kashish ko,
Jinhone fark hi nahi samjha pasand aur pyar mein.