paper no.15 mass media and communication Explain article 19

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Explain article 19 (1) related to the freedom of press.

A Short History of Newspapers and Magazines

• The emergence of the new media branch in the 17th century has to be seen

in close connection with the spread of the printing press from which the

Publishing press derives it name. The first newspaper in France was published in 1631, La Gazette (originally Published as Gazette de France)

• The first newspaper in Portugal, A Gazeta da Restauração, was published in

1641 in Lisbon.

• The first Spanish newspaper, Gaceta de Madrid was published in 1661.The first successful English daily, The Daily Courant, was published from1702 to 1735.

Role of Press

·         Watch dog of democratic society

                         Social Responsibility
·         Investigation of scams
·         To propagate social reforms
·         Passing information
·         Sharing information                                                                                                         
·         Motivating Power of the society
·         Emphasizing education
·         Opinion Builder
·         Generate debate
·         Act as people's mouth piece
·         The press occupation is pivotal a position in the life of a nation
·         And it’s people.
·         Eradication of social evils
·         Guardian of the rights and liberty of people

Press Council of India

• It is a statutory body consisting of 28 members representing owners of the

Newspapers, news agencies, journalists, educationalists, legal experts and

Expats on various subjects

• Functions:

• This body has the power to warn and stop and censor any editor’s or

Journalist’s work who flouts the standard of journalistic ethics and public

Texts.

• Aims:

 PCI has been established to preserve and improve freedom of press on one

Hand and on the other hand to maintain and improve the standard of

Newspaper and new agencies. The PCI takes care of the press codes and press

Ethics in the following manner:

• Freedom on information

• Freedom of access to information sources

• Objectivity, truthfulness and interpretation of facts

• Responsibility to public and it’s rights, interest and in relation to national,

racial and religious communities of the nation, the state and to maintain

peace.

Freedom of Press

• Article 19 (1) clearly states that right to freedom of speech and expression is

the fundamental right for every citizen of India.

• The same article states that Freedom of Press is included in there.

• Freedom of press is essential in any democratic society for healthy

development. It helps people at large to know about the undercurrents of the

national scenario.

• The press is a great social asset as it works as a watchdog on various activities

and authorities by exercising it’s role.

• Countries which curb the freedom of press suffer great losses in the long run.

With freedom of press we cannot overlook the security of the individual being

forgone, chaos in public life and disruption of harmony among many social

groups. If any news report causes the aforementioned factors, the press

should not allow it.

• Anything that disturbs security and integrity of the nation, communal

harmony, international relationship, chaos in public life or interference in

private life or matters in relation to the contempt of the court is considered

offense and legal action are provided

Therefore there are media laws which curtail press freedom.

Limitations to the freedom of expression in matters affecting:

• Sovereignty and integrity of the state

• Public order

• Security of the state

• Friendly relations with the foreign countries

• Morality

• Content of codes

• Incitement to offenses

Audit bureau of Circulation ltd. (ABC)

• Private body with 252 regional and national publishers, 208 leading

advertisers, news agencies and advertising agencies

• It surveys the circulation of publications in English, hindi and 12

regional languages, in more than 50 major Indian towns.

• ABC carries out circulation surveys on a regular basis and issues

‘Certificates of Net Paid Circulation’ every six months.

• It has a very high reputation for reliability and impartiality and is

therefore quotes with authority.

• Like NRS, ABC too is urban-oriented 90% of publications are not members of ABC; barely 20 of the English weeklies and an equal number of the Hindi dailies are enrolled asmembers.

• Yet it is contended by advertisers, that ABC covers the entire ‘Indian’

daily press.

• The fact is that a good number of members do not submit their

circulation figures for verification.

• ‘Not Received’ NR is a familiar feature in the auditor’s reports.

Press Trust of India

• (often abbreviated as PTI) is the largest news agency in India.

• It is headquartered in Delhi and is a non-profit cooperative among more than 450

Indian newspapers and has a staff of about 2,000 writers spread across 150 offices

nationwide.

• It took over the Indian operations of the Associated Press and Reuters soon after

India's independence on August 15, 1947.

• It provides news coverage and information of the region in both English and Hindi.

• It exchanges information with several other news agencies including 100 news

agencies based outside India, such as Associated Press, Agence France-Presse, The

New York Times and Bloomberg L.P..

• Major Indian subscribers of PTI include Times of India, the Indian Express, the

Hindustan Times, the All India Radio and Doordarshan. PTI has offices in Bangkok,

Beijing, Colombo, Dubai, Islamabad, Kuala Lumpur, Moscow, New York and

Washington D.C..