COURSE:M.A ENGLISH
SEMESTER:2
BATCH:2016-2018
ENROLMENT NO- 2069108420170010
SUBMITTED TO –SMT .S.B.GAEDI
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
MAHARAJA KRISHNAKUMARSINHJI BHAVNAGER UNIVERSITY
PARER NO-6 Give Historical Summary of Social Political of the Victorian Age.
What is Victorian Age?
Introduction:
The Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, "refined sensibilities" and national self-confidence for the United Kingdom.
In Queen Victoria ascended the throne of Great Britain and Ireland and succeeded William the IV. She served for a period of 64 years, till her death in 1901 and it is one of the longest reigns in the history of England.
The period was marked by many important social and historical changes that altered the nation in many ways. The population nearly doubled, the British Empire expanded exponentially and technological and industrial progress helped Britain become the most powerful country in the world.
Victoria's death, indicates the dramatic transition from a way of life based on the ownership of land to a modern urban economy. England experienced an enormous increase in wealth, but rapid and unregulated industrialization brought a host of social and economic problems.
Some writers such as Thomas applauded England’s progress, while others such as Mathew Arnold felt the abandonment of traditional rhythms of life exacted a terrible price in human happiness.
The early Victorian period saw the opening of Britain’s first railway and its first Reform Parliament, but it was also a time of economic distress. The Reform Bill of 1832 extended voting privileges to men of the lower middle classes and redistributing parliamentary representation more fairly. Yet the economic and social difficulties associated with industrialization made the 1830s
and 1840s a “Time of Troubles,” characterized by unemployment, desperate poverty, and rioting. The Chartists, an organization of workers, helped create an atmosphere open to further reform. The “condition of England” became a central topic for novelists including Charles Kingsley, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Benjamin Disraeli in the 1840s and early 1850s.
Although the mid- Victorian period (1848–70) was not free of harassing problems, it was a time of prosperity, optimism, and stability. The achievements of modern industry and science were celebrated at the Great Exhibition in Hyde Park (1851). Enormous investments of people, money, and technology created the British Empire. Many English people saw the expansion of empire as a moral responsibility, and missionary societies flourished. At the same time, however, there was increasing debate about religious belief. The Church of England had evolved into three major divisions, with conflicting beliefs about religious practice. There were also rationalist challenges to religion from philosophy (especially Utilitarianism) and science (especially biology and geology). Both the infallibility of the Bible and the stature of the human species in the universe were increasingly called into question.
In the later period (1870–1901) the costs of Empire became increasingly apparent, and England was confronted with growing threats to its military and economic preeminence. A variety of socialist movements gained force, some influenced by the revolutionary theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The literature of the 1890s is characterized by self-conscious melancholy and aestheticism, but also saw the beginnings of the modernist movement.
The extreme inequities between men and women stimulated a debate about women’s roles known as “The Woman Question.” Women were denied the right to vote or hold political office throughout the period, but gradually won significant rights such as custody of minor children and the ownership of property in marriage.
By the end of Victoria’s reign, women could take degrees at twelve universities. Hundreds of thousands of working-class women labored at factory jobs under appalling conditions, and many were driven into prostitution. While John Stuart Mill argued that the “nature of women” was an artificial thing, most male authors preferred to claim that women had a special nature fitting them for domestic duties.
Literacy increased significantly in the period, and publishers could bring out more material more cheaply than ever before. The most significant development in publishing was the growth of the periodical. Novels and long works of non-fiction were published in serial form, fostering a distinctive sense of a community of readers.
Victorian novels seek to represent a large and comprehensive social world, constructing a tension between social conditions and the aspirations of the hero or heroine. Writing in the shadow of Romanticism, the Victorians developed a poetry of mood and character.
Victorian poetry tends to be pictorial, and often uses sound to convey meaning. The theater, a flourishing and popular institution throughout the period, was transformed in the 1890s by the comic masterpieces of George Bernard Shaw and Oscar Wilde. Very different from each other, both took aim at Victorian pretense and hypocrisy.
Chief Characteristics of Victorian Period
While the country saw economic progress, poverty and exploitation were also equally a part of it. The gap between the rich and the poor increased significantly and the drive for material and commercial success was seen to propagate a kind of a moral decay in the society itself.
The changing landscape of the country was another concern. While the earlier phase of Romanticism saw a celebration of the country side and the rich landscape of the flora and fauna, the Victorian era saw a changing of the landscape to one of burgeoning industries and factories.
While the poor were exploited for their labor, the period witnessed the rise of the bourgeoisie or the middle class due to increasing trade between Britain and its colonies and the Reform Bill of 1832 strengthen their hold. There was also a shift from the Romantic ideals of the previous age towards a more realistic acceptance and depiction of society.
One of the most important factors that defined the age was its stress on morality. Strict societal codes were enforced and certain activities were openly looked down upon. These codes were even harsher for women. A feminine code of conduct was levied on them which described every aspect of their being from the proper apparels to how to converse, everything had rules.
The role of women was mostly that of being angels of the house and restricted to domestic confines. Professionally very few options were available to them as a woman could either become a governess or a teacher in rich households. Hence they were financially dependent on their husbands and fathers and it led to a commercialization of the institution of marriage.
Ø Victorian age of social systems :
The Victorian Era was the region in social system in the age Victoria Queen it was a change in conformity result class system, in England class lower class so previous will be no way so stressed socialist.
The Victorian Era was the region in social system in the age Victoria Queen it was a change in conformity result class system, in England class lower class so previous will be no way so stressed socialist.
Ø Their who inherited wealth to the industrial revolution countryside jobs turn into factory jobs people like a farmer begin moving to and working in skill definition as a citizen and economic view on flowers format due to the Rapid growth of the day was a large population and job work in Disney factories.
Social system in Victorian age can be seen in movie for example only Oliver Twist great expectation and Mrs. brown Oliver Twist is our and struggle he faces survive in Victorian England Iran with school upper classmen running in shoreline for profit.
Social system in Victorian age can be seen in movie for example only Oliver Twist great expectation and Mrs. brown Oliver Twist is our and struggle he faces survive in Victorian England Iran with school upper classmen running in shoreline for profit.
Ø The Orphan on expected to work in our bed property only one gets punished when asking for more food and fashion the authority of this powerful male he is in French to whom it is expected to be servant be constructed mistress only Oliver away to London where he is now one of the many Orphan on the street another half an hour selling end designing author Oliver Become part of peace .
Ø Really common but incorrect lifestyle of day by day survival in Victorian society that is hardly a Desire to see past the economic status is the individual person there is one man who adopt all over and treat them with respect and dignity Breaking the normally exclusionary social class system on life of Oliver Twist show us on fairness of the class system is he is a treat a servant and commodity in is living situations but the liberated one great expectation how wealth and status to find in society during .
Ø The Victorian Era violet true identity be on the status is written talking into consideration is poor and fall in love with the wealthy is while being bad the grasshopper class the value of other money and exploitation.
Society way you wall define looping started in together common living boy At least into vision Valley one day trip comes into Fortune Windows live here the poor circumstances to leave as an upper class with gentleman. he sees the privilege the correctness people being able to do whatever they want district social, factors influence behavior value display in class able to see the similarities between everyone realize having a luxury life.
Society way you wall define looping started in together common living boy At least into vision Valley one day trip comes into Fortune Windows live here the poor circumstances to leave as an upper class with gentleman. he sees the privilege the correctness people being able to do whatever they want district social, factors influence behavior value display in class able to see the similarities between everyone realize having a luxury life.
Ø other classes especially the poor all the Queen Victoria was unable to co-op in Victorian England social status anteaters where definite no matter there circumstances the upper classes having extravagant party wilder lower classes are struggling survival social class.
The lives of the aristocrats:
The aristocrats where the reach member of society and often didn't have to work because of its base point that reading socializing playing game and doing other think like a chess playing cricket all the things that could also of Education private tutor where Oxford Advanced materials and the number of books available to them where the aristocracy also on many fine things they would have had big house is shining jewelry mountains of food can imaging.
The aristocrats where the reach member of society and often didn't have to work because of its base point that reading socializing playing game and doing other think like a chess playing cricket all the things that could also of Education private tutor where Oxford Advanced materials and the number of books available to them where the aristocracy also on many fine things they would have had big house is shining jewelry mountains of food can imaging.
Conclusion :
Queen Victoria market Great Britain history by her personality and the way region over the country she was loved by her people and when she died in 1901 British citizen for the future of the country.
Queen Victoria market Great Britain history by her personality and the way region over the country she was loved by her people and when she died in 1901 British citizen for the future of the country.
Reference :
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victorian_literature
http://www.online-literature.com/periods/victorian.php
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