COURSE: M.A ENGLISH
SEMESTER: 3
BATCH: 2016-2018
ENROLMENT NO- 2069108420170010
SUBMITTED TO –Dr. Dilip Barad
SMT .S.B.GAEDI
SMT .S.B.GAEDI
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
MAHARAJA KRISHNAKUMARSINHJI BHAVNAGER UNIVERSITY
PARER NO- 11 The postcolonial Literature .
TOPIC:” Conceptual note on, Anti colonialism, Apartheid, Allegory, and Post colonial literature”.
Introduction:
The field of Postcolonial Studies is one of the academic discipline that has arisen in an attempt to amend or replace radical theories of social power since the alleged discrediting of Marxism. Together with intellectual constructions like feminism, queer theory and other manifestations of postmodernism, it has won the attention of many academics who despair of grand narratives, logo centrism, historicism and progressive teleology.
Possessed by pessimism and often babbling in tongues, these intellectuals "theorize" the agonies of the dispossessed while serving on tenure committees . the use of cognate terms "Commonwealth" and "Third World" that were used to describe the literature of Europe's former colonies has become rarer. Although there is considerable debate over the precise parameters of the field and the definition of the term "postcolonial," in a very general sense.
Allegory:
Allegory literary term and allegory is actually, the use of characters events or ideas in the novel literary. text that are used to illustrate or show the larger concept. Something that is not directly said but it's implied rather this larger concept , that just relate to a number of different things for instance this larger concepts pointing.
To something political or it could be something religious, it could be historical or social either way whatever the larger concept is directly pertaining to the whole point of the allegory. is that the author is using the text to provide his or her own commentary, on the subject matter in other word the author is investing and putting their own opinion into literary text . Or can be identify this allegory is almost like hidden message it's the authors on hidden message that they want to get across in the novel .
The word allegory has been derived from the “Greek” word allegoria , meaning to speak in other terms . Which means speaking otherwise translation. in allegory is almost about double meaning. The representation of abstract principle by characters or figure a picture book or other form of communication. using such representation symbolic representation, which can be interpreted to revise a hidden meaning usually or more or political one.
The word allegory has been derived from the “Greek” word allegoria , meaning to speak in other terms . Which means speaking otherwise translation. in allegory is almost about double meaning. The representation of abstract principle by characters or figure a picture book or other form of communication. using such representation symbolic representation, which can be interpreted to revise a hidden meaning usually or more or political one.
Allegory is an extended narrative where more is mint than meets the eye or the year for example which carries a second winning along with its surface story.
Allegory has long been a prominent feature of literary and mythic writing throughout the world, but it becomes particularly significant for post-colonial. writers for the way in which it disrupts notions of orthodox history, classical realism and imperial representation in general.
Allegory has assumed an important function in imperial discourse, in which paintings and statues have often been created as allegories of imperial power. Consequently, one form of post-colonial response to this has been to appropriate allegory and use it to respond to the allegorical representation of imperial dominance.
Third World literatures, indeed all Third World cultural constructions, are ‘necessarily’ national allegories. This means, firstly, that post-colonial cultures may use allegory to ‘read’ the text of colonialism So much of the life of the colonized subject has been constructed by, that is, metaphorically. the use of the allegorical form seeks to replace monolithic traditions with a cross-cultural pluralism.
‘post-colonial’ allegory contests and disrupts the narrative assumptions of colonialism, such as the inevitability of ‘development’, of ‘progress’, of ‘civilization’, the dominance of the chronological view of history, the Euro-centric view of ‘the real’. By reinforcing the fact that ‘real’ events occupy various horizons of meaning, post-colonial allegory becomes a common strategy of resistance in post-colonial texts.
What is post colonialism:
Literature written after the colonizing countries, left the colonization of the countries, which were ruling the countries. in Asia and Africa when they left when they granted freedom, to those countries . who went away to their own land and the people, of the colonized countries they started writing in the same language .
For example, English why did they learn English? and write in English or French why?
So, language and culture is newer to a foreign culture to of foreign language. like Indian English and if they learn English they would Rise Above their one people. so he introduced and this people British, has changed the complete education system and when the Britishers life.
The country, so there was a change in writing people who were purely of one country,
one culture,
one had age,
one language, they were introduced but different language different culture so what happened there was a culture shock in with there was a language shock in the beginning. and then they expressive their children day web on in environment. which was having intermixing of both the culture and language. and that's how hybrid, hybridization the mixing, with two culture took place and a new short of writing.
Image and the critic they called postcolonial writing. post colonialism it image in India it imagine Africa and all of the countries where the colonizing countries had stayed for more than century .
Anti colonialism:
The political struggle of colonized peoples against the specific ideology and practice of colonialism Anti-signifies the point at which the various forms of opposition become articulated as a resistance to the operations of colonialism in political, economic and cultural institutions. It emphasizes the need to reject colonial power and restore local control.
Paradoxically, anti-colonialist movements often expressed themselves in the appropriation and subversion of forms borrowed from the institutions of the colonizer and turned back on them.
Thus the struggle was often articulated in terms of a discourse of anti-colonial ‘nationalism’ in which the form of the modern European nation-state was taken over and employed as a sign of resistance Anti-colonialism has taken many forms in different colonial situations; it is sometimes associated with an ideology of racial liberation, as in the case of nineteenth-century West African nationalists such as Edward Wilmot In the second half of the twentieth century,
anti-colonialism was often articulated in terms of a radical, Marxist discourse of liberation, and in constructions that sought to reconcile the internationalist and anti-elitist demands of Marxism with the nationalist sentiments of the period (National Liberation Fronts), in the work and theory of early national liberationist thinkers.
Anti colonialism the movement that oppose colonialism. Anti colonial struggle the opinion war through film more lasted from 1839 to 1842 It begin because the British kept trafficking opium through India into the China . China in British were doing this because they really wanted to trade Chinese birth cake new opium was only product that China could not produce for itself, so the British wanted to trade with China. China site no we already have everything we need and then the British said oh wait but we have got this opinion in China said we don't really want either but the British food traffic it through India and then into China and threaded there even through .
Apartheid :
It was a system of racial segregation that governed South Africa for nearly 50 years. Separators it was a system of racial segregation that governed south Africa. it specifically aimed to protect the domination of the white South Africansover non whites in every aspect of life but it didn't just appear out of thin air during the colonial grab for the country.
It was a system of racial segregation that governed South Africa for nearly 50 years. Separators it was a system of racial segregation that governed south Africa. it specifically aimed to protect the domination of the white South Africansover non whites in every aspect of life but it didn't just appear out of thin air during the colonial grab for the country.
between the Dutch descended African and the British the rights of native black South Africans , where Show episode was officially made low in 1948 by the African lead national party. it was the contribution of in justice already happening African , believe that South Africa was there god.
Given Homeland and that the white race was superior the black majority was therefore seen as a threat there were loss blacks had to carry it permits at all times in head office trick .
When did people were classified into four wrestle, categories white black Indian . and colored people, of mixers race and they where old separated into different residential areas blacks where divided into so call Homeland based on tribal group. rural overcrowded and lack jobs forcing black to seek work as migrate labor.
When did people were classified into four wrestle, categories white black Indian . and colored people, of mixers race and they where old separated into different residential areas blacks where divided into so call Homeland based on tribal group. rural overcrowded and lack jobs forcing black to seek work as migrate labor.
Wage Vellore and it was illegal for workers to strict see appetite was also economically, motivated cheap workforce was needed particular to work in the countries. goldmines powerful Mini magnet had a huge stake in apartheid, policies since there profit depend on keeping black wag.
Law outside there designed home. And non white had no political rights since they were not technically citizen. they cannot education also divided bus stand setup separate education system, for black that receive fraction of funding that white schools. did mandatory education and died.
At the age 13 funnel blacks in into menial migrate labor exploitation by design needleless. to say there was resistance to this instance law protects, where of fun lead black students and youth where met with several preparation out of this struggle.
Conclusion:
A theory of the operation of the world economic, social and political system, formulated by Immanuel Wallerstein .The chief assertion of this theory is that the capitalist system has been the world economic system since the sixteenth century and that one cannot talk about economies in terms of the nation-state, nor of ‘society’ in the abstract, nor of ‘stages’ of progress , because each society is affected by, indeed is a part of, the capitalist world profits .
World system theory emerged as a refutation of modernization theory, which tended to (a) concentrate on the nation-state, (b) assume that all countries follow a similar path of growth, (c) disregard transnational structures and (d) base explanations on historical ideal types. The proposition of one world capitalist system in operation since the sixteenth century radically affects how we view not only world economics but also national politics, class, ethnicity and international relations in general. For instance, the theory rejects the concept of a ‘society’ as a unit of analysis in favor of two systems of production: WORLD SYSTEM THEORY 223 ‘mini-systems’ that are localized and of short duration, and the world system itself .
Reference:
Works Cited
Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths. "POST-COLONIAL." Bill Ashcroft, Gareth Griffiths. POST-COLONIA. francisco: francisco group, n.d. 305.
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